Board manufacturers are boosting their investment in inspection, test and analytics to meet the increasingly stringent demands for reliability in safety-critical sectors like automotive. This ...

The evolution of PCBs from large and antiquated “printed wiring boards” to today’s fine-line designs on high-density interconnect (HDI) PCBs, IC substrates (ICS) and more, has been matched by ...

Most electronic assembly lines produce some defects, or faults. For example, solder-paste printers may deposit excess, smudged, or insufficient quantities of solder, and component pick-and-place ...

PCB designers usually treat metrology as a manufacturing or quality problem that starts after release. That view is now becoming outdated given that more designs deal with fine features and package ...

What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...